On the other hand, more democratically inclined theorists have pointed to examples of meritocratic leaders, such as the Napoleonic marshals profiting from careers open to talent.
Monarchy takes an extreme view of the same idea, and may prop up its assertions against the claims of mere aristocrats by invoking divine sanction (see the divine right of kings). Have postulated that leadership depends on one's "blue blood" or genes. In the field of political leadership, the Chinese doctrine of the Mandate of Heaven postulated the need for rulers to govern justly and the right of subordinates to overthrow emperors who appeared to lack divine sanction. The Prince, written by Niccolò Machiavelli (pictured), argued that it is better for a ruler to be feared than loved, if one cannot be both. ( September 2009) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. This section needs additional citations for verification. Studies of leadership have produced theories involving (for example) traits, situational interaction, function, behavior, power, vision Īnd values, charisma, and intelligence, among others. Some have challenged the more traditional managerial views of leadership (which portray leadership as something possessed or owned by one individual due to their role or authority), and instead advocate the complex nature of leadership which is found at all levels of institutions, both within formal and informal roles.
In other words, leadership can be defined as an influential power-relationship in which the power of one party (the "leader") promotes movement/change in others (the "followers"). academic environments define leadership as "a process of social influence in which a person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common and ethical task". Specialist literature debates various viewpoints on the concept, sometimes contrasting Eastern and Western approaches to leadership, and also (within the West) North American versus European approaches. The word "leadership" often gets viewed as a contested term. Leadership, both as a research area and as a practical skill, encompasses the ability of an individual, group or organization to "lead", influence or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations. An APEC leader setting the tone for the 2013 APEC CEO summit with an opening speech
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